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Arrow Physics Formulas:
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Kinetic energy (KE) and momentum (p) are fundamental physics concepts that describe an arrow's motion. Kinetic energy represents the energy of motion, while momentum represents the quantity of motion. Both are crucial for understanding arrow performance and penetration capability.
The calculator uses the physics formulas:
Where:
Explanation: Kinetic energy increases with the square of velocity, making velocity more significant than mass for energy. Momentum increases linearly with both mass and velocity.
Details: These calculations help archers understand arrow performance, penetration capability, and bow efficiency. Higher kinetic energy generally means better penetration, while momentum indicates the arrow's ability to maintain its course and transfer energy to the target.
Tips: Enter arrow mass in kilograms and velocity in meters per second. For grains to kilograms conversion: 1 grain = 0.0000648 kg. For fps to m/s conversion: 1 fps = 0.3048 m/s.
Q1: Which is more important for hunting, KE or momentum?
A: Both are important, but momentum is generally considered more critical for penetration through tissue and bone, while KE indicates the total energy available.
Q2: What are typical values for arrow KE and momentum?
A: For target archery: KE 20-50 J, momentum 0.3-0.6 kg·m/s. For hunting: KE 40-100+ J, momentum 0.6-1.2+ kg·m/s.
Q3: How do I increase arrow kinetic energy?
A: Increase arrow velocity (by using a higher draw weight bow) or increase arrow mass. Velocity has a squared effect on KE.
Q4: What's the relationship between KE and momentum?
A: They're related but distinct concepts. KE = p²/(2m), where p is momentum. Heavy arrows have higher momentum for the same KE.
Q5: Should I prioritize heavy or light arrows?
A: It depends on your purpose. Light arrows travel faster with higher KE, while heavy arrows have more momentum and better penetration, especially in windy conditions.