1. What is Change in Momentum?

Change in momentum (Δp) represents the difference in an object's momentum over time. According to Newton's second law, the change in momentum equals the force applied multiplied by the time interval during which the force acts.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the momentum change formula:

Where:

• \( \Delta p \) — Change in momentum (kg·m/s)
• \( F \) — Force applied (N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time interval (s)

Explanation: This formula directly relates the impulse (force × time) to the change in momentum, demonstrating the impulse-momentum theorem.

3. Importance of Momentum Calculation

Details: Calculating change in momentum is essential in physics for analyzing collisions, understanding force effects over time, and solving problems in mechanics and engineering applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter force in newtons (N) and time change in seconds (s). Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for valid calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between impulse and momentum?
A: Impulse equals the change in momentum. The impulse-momentum theorem states that J = F × Δt = Δp.

Q2: What are the units for momentum change?
A: Momentum change is measured in kilogram-meters per second (kg·m/s), which is equivalent to newton-seconds (N·s).

Q3: How does this relate to conservation of momentum?
A: In closed systems with no external forces, total momentum is conserved. The change in momentum calculation helps analyze situations where external forces act on a system.

Q4: Can this formula be used for variable forces?
A: For variable forces, the calculation requires integration of force over time: Δp = ∫F dt. This calculator assumes constant force.

Q5: What practical applications use momentum change calculations?
A: Car safety (airbags, crumple zones), sports (following through on swings), rocket propulsion, and collision analysis all rely on momentum change principles.