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Impulse-Momentum Theorem:
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The impulse-momentum theorem states that the impulse (J) applied to an object equals the change in momentum (Δp) of that object. This fundamental principle in physics connects force, time, and motion.
The calculator uses the impulse-momentum theorem:
Where:
Explanation: The impulse applied to an object equals its change in momentum. Since impulse and change in momentum share the same units (N·s = kg·m/s), they are numerically equal.
Details: This calculation is crucial for understanding collisions, analyzing forces in impact scenarios, designing safety systems (like airbags and crumple zones), and solving problems in mechanics where forces act over time intervals.
Tips: Enter either impulse or change in momentum value. The calculator will compute the other value since they are equal. Both values use compatible units (N·s for impulse, kg·m/s for momentum change).
Q1: Why are impulse and change in momentum equal?
A: This is a fundamental physics principle derived from Newton's second law. Impulse (F×Δt) equals change in momentum (m×Δv) because force equals the rate of change of momentum.
Q2: What are the units of impulse and momentum?
A: Both have equivalent units: Newton-seconds (N·s) or kilogram-meters per second (kg·m/s).
Q3: When is the impulse-momentum theorem most useful?
A: It's particularly valuable in analyzing collisions, explosions, and other situations where forces act over short time intervals.
Q4: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, impulse can be negative if the force is applied in the direction opposite to the initial motion, resulting in a decrease in momentum.
Q5: How does this relate to conservation of momentum?
A: In a closed system with no external forces, the total momentum is conserved. The impulse-momentum theorem explains how external forces change a system's momentum.