1. What is the Impulse-Momentum Theorem?

The Impulse-Momentum Theorem states that the impulse on an object is equal to the change in its momentum. This fundamental principle in physics connects force, time, and motion, showing how a force applied over time affects an object's velocity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the impulse-momentum equation:

Where:

• \( J \) — Impulse (N·s)
• \( \Delta p \) — Change in momentum (kg·m/s)
• \( m \) — Mass of the object (kg)
• \( \Delta v \) — Change in velocity (m/s)

Explanation: The theorem shows that the impulse delivered to an object equals its change in momentum, which is the product of its mass and change in velocity.

3. Importance of Impulse Calculation

Details: Calculating impulse is crucial in physics and engineering for understanding collisions, safety design, sports mechanics, and rocket propulsion. It helps determine the forces involved in impact scenarios and design protective systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter mass in kilograms and change in velocity in meters per second. Both values must be valid (mass > 0).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between impulse and momentum?
A: Momentum is a property of a moving object (p = m×v), while impulse is the change in momentum caused by a force acting over time (J = F×Δt).

Q2: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, impulse can be negative if it results in a decrease in momentum, indicating the force is acting in the opposite direction to the motion.

Q3: How is impulse related to force?
A: Impulse equals the average force multiplied by the time interval over which it acts (J = Fₐᵥᵢ × Δt).

Q4: What are practical applications of impulse?
A: Airbags in cars, cushioned sports equipment, landing techniques in gymnastics, and rocket propulsion all utilize principles of impulse.

Q5: Why do we follow through in sports?
A: Following through increases the time of contact, which for the same impulse reduces the average force needed, allowing for better control.