1. What is the Impulse-Momentum Theorem?

The impulse-momentum theorem states that the change in momentum of an object equals the impulse applied to it. Impulse is the product of force and the time interval over which the force acts.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the impulse-momentum equation:

Where:

• \( \Delta p \) — Change in momentum (kg·m/s)
• \( J \) — Impulse (N·s)
• \( F \) — Force (N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time interval (s)

Explanation: The theorem demonstrates that a small force acting over a long time can produce the same change in momentum as a large force acting over a short time.

3. Importance of Momentum Calculation

Details: Understanding momentum changes is crucial in physics, engineering, and safety design. It helps analyze collisions, rocket propulsion, sports mechanics, and vehicle safety systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter force in newtons (N) and time interval in seconds (s). Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between impulse and momentum?
A: Impulse equals the change in momentum. This is a direct consequence of Newton's second law of motion.

Q2: Why are the units N·s equivalent to kg·m/s?
A: Since 1 N = 1 kg·m/s², then 1 N·s = 1 (kg·m/s²)·s = 1 kg·m/s, which are the units of momentum.

Q3: How does this apply to real-world situations?
A: Airbags in cars increase the time of impact during a collision, reducing the force on passengers while achieving the same momentum change.

Q4: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, impulse can be negative if the force acts in the opposite direction to the initial motion, resulting in a decrease in momentum.

Q5: How is this different from the conservation of momentum?
A: The impulse-momentum theorem deals with changes in a single object's momentum, while conservation of momentum applies to closed systems where total momentum remains constant.